What to see in Cappadocia, the Turkey you’ve always dreamed of!
Cappadocia has long been at the top of my travel list, and for good reasons! Nestled in the heart of central Turkey, this region is unlike any other in the world.
What to see in Cappadocia? Imagine a landscape that seems straight out of a dream, with majestic fairy chimneys, castles carved into the rock, homes nestled into mountain walls, and pastel-colored valleys that look hand-painted. Every corner of Cappadocia exudes a mystical and magical charm, an ethereal atmosphere that you absolutely must experience in person to truly understand its surreal beauty.
First, let’s clear things up: Cappadocia is not a single city but an entire region full of wonders. Often associated with its more famous towns like Göreme, Ürgüp, and Uçhisar, Cappadocia actually spans a much larger area, extending to the cities of Nevşehir, Kırşehir, Niğde, Avanos, Aksaray, and Kayseri. Each of these places offers something unique and extraordinary, making every visit an unforgettable experience.
And then, there’s the pronunciation! I admit I’ve always gotten it wrong. The authentic Turkish name is “Kapadokya,” pronounced “CappaDOKIA,” with a strong, decisive ‘k’. It’s a small detail, but by pronouncing this magical land’s name correctly, it feels like you’re getting a little closer to its soul.
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What to see in Cappadocia
This comprehensive travel guide to Cappadocia will provide you with all the information you need to plan the trip of your dreams and will lay out what to see in Cappadocia, from the best places to stay, must-see attractions, and much more.
Save this article to your favorites because it will be your ideal travel companion when you decide to explore this stunning region. Don’t miss the chance to discover one of the world’s most captivating destinations!
Historical Overview
Cappadocia has a millennia-old history, with traces of human settlements dating back to the Paleolithic era. Over the centuries, it has been inhabited by various civilizations, including the Hittites, Phrygians, Persians, Romans, Byzantines, and Seljuks. During the Hittite period, it was an important political and military center, while under the Persian Empire, it became a satrapy. In the Hellenistic period, Cappadocia became an independent kingdom, maintaining a certain autonomy even under the Romans. Crucial for early Christianity, it became a refuge for persecuted Christians, with numerous monasteries, churches, and homes carved into the rock.
Rock-Cut Homes
The rock-cut dwellings, which are now one of the most iconic features of Cappadocia, have very ancient origins. The volcanic rocks in the region, mainly composed of tuff, are relatively soft and easy to carve, making it possible to create homes, churches, and even entire underground cities. There are several reasons why the inhabitants of Cappadocia carved their homes into the rock:
Protection from Enemies
The underground homes and rock-cut cities provided refuge from invasions. The inhabitants could hide for long periods during enemy raids, thanks to the ability to seal the entrances and store food and water.
Climate
The rock-cut homes offered a naturally insulated environment, with relatively stable indoor temperatures year-round. This was especially useful in a region with hot summers and cold winters.
Limited Resources
Building with natural materials available on-site, such as volcanic rock, was economically advantageous and allowed for the conservation of precious resources.
An extraordinary example of these structures is the underground city of Derinkuyu, which could accommodate up to 20,000 people and included storage areas, stables, churches, and even schools, all built underground.
How to Get to Cappadocia
If you’re coming from Istanbul, I highly recommend flying directly to Nevşehir. Turkish Airlines offers numerous flights on this route at very affordable prices, so it’s a great choice! Once you land at this small airport, you’ll have about a one-hour drive to Göreme, the heart of Cappadocia’s tourism, and the perfect starting point to explore the region.
Göreme is the ideal place to stay. Here you’ll be in the center of it all, with countless restaurants, hotels, and activities just a stone’s throw away. Whether you want to explore the incredible rock formations, take a hot air balloon ride over the region at dawn, or immerse yourself in the local culture, Göreme has it all within reach.
Also, most hotels in Göreme are set up to make your trip as simple as possible, offering airport transfers and escorting you to your accommodation when it’s time to depart. This means less stress and more time to enjoy every moment in this magical land!
The Best Time to Visit Cappadocia
Turkey is a country of climatic contrasts, with scorching summers and harsh winters. For this reason, the best times to visit are typically spring and fall, especially in April, May, and from mid-September to mid-November. During these months, the weather is pleasant, and conditions are perfect for exploring the country. However, if you plan to visit Turkey’s fascinating coastal cities, keep in mind that many venues and activities might close for the season starting in mid-November, making the visit less lively.
During our trip in August, the hottest month, we experienced pretty high temperatures during the day. In Istanbul, although the days were hot, the evenings were moderated by a pleasant sea breeze, making the night walks truly delightful.
In Cappadocia, the climate was a bit different: the days were extremely hot, but the nights surprisingly cool. If you’re thinking of visiting this region in summer, don’t forget to pack light clothes for the day and a hat to protect your head from the sun, but also make sure to bring heavier sweaters for the cool evenings. And, of course, don’t forget sunscreen!
If you’re drawn to the idea of a winter adventure, keep in mind that Cappadocia can be quite cold from January to March, and many attractions may not be available. For this reason, it’s best to plan your trip during spring, summer, or fall to fully enjoy all that this captivating region has to offer.
Getting Around Cappadocia
To explore Cappadocia at its best, renting a car is an excellent option, allowing you to move freely. Alternatively, you can opt for a car with a driver to enjoy the journey without worry. If you prefer not to drive, there are numerous tours available, which can be booked in advance or directly on-site, especially in Göreme, where you’ll find many options tailored to your needs.
Göreme is also perfect for exploring on foot, with its hilly streets and breathtaking views making every walk a magical experience.
Where to Stay in Cappadocia and for How Long
We spent 4 nights in Istanbul and another 4 in the magical Cappadocia during our trip, and I must say it was an unforgettable experience. If you’re planning to visit Cappadocia, I recommend staying for at least 3 or 4 mornings there, especially if you dream of experiencing the thrill of watching hot air balloons take flight. Weather conditions, such as wind and clouds, are crucial for their takeoff, so it’s best to have a few extra mornings available to maximize your chances of seeing them at sunrise, whether you want to simply watch them from a rooftop or valley or, better yet, board one and soar over this surreal landscape.
As for where to stay, most visitors choose to stay in Göreme or Uçhisar. Personally, I loved Göreme: here, the hot air balloons come incredibly close to the hotels, creating a breathtaking spectacle in the morning. The town has a livelier atmosphere, with plenty of restaurants and attractions nearby, making it the perfect starting point for your adventures. Uçhisar, on the other hand, is just a 10-minute drive away and offers a more exclusive experience, with luxury hotels and unparalleled tranquility.
If you have enough time – say, 5 days or more – you might consider splitting your stay between Göreme or Uçhisar to experience the best of both worlds. Either way, no matter where you stay, you’ll be sure to have a unique stay: most hotels in Cappadocia are carved into rock caves, offering dreamlike views of the surrounding valleys and an atmosphere that will leave you speechless. No matter where you stay, each morning, you’ll wake up to a view that feels straight out of a fairytale!
Things to Do in Cappadocia
I must admit, Cappadocia completely overwhelmed me!
The breathtaking beauty of this region and the sheer number of things to see and do are truly incredible. Looking back, I’m glad we had 4 full days for our trip, as it allowed us to explore much of the area without rushing.
The true enchantment of Cappadocia is revealed in the early morning hours when the air is cool, and the sun begins to illuminate the valleys and the hot air balloons floating in the sky. This is why every day here starts at dawn, giving you magical moments but also quite a bit of tiredness by evening. For this reason, having a few extra days in your itinerary can be a great idea to fully experience everything without rushing.
The Red and Green Tours
Many tour operators offer complete packages that include the main attractions, such as the famous “Red Tour” or “Green Tour.”
However, if you prefer to organize things yourself, you could rent a car (or have a driver available) to manage your time more flexibly. And don’t forget that hotel staff are extremely helpful: just ask the concierge or reception, and they’ll be more than happy to help you organize everything you want.
That said, here is what to see in Cappadocia:
Take a Hot Air Balloon Ride at Dawn
Although Cappadocia is extraordinary from the ground, seeing it from above, especially at sunrise, is something indescribably spectacular! Imagine watching the balloons gently light up as the sun rises, lifting off above the valleys and soaring lightly in the sky, surrounded by hundreds of other colorful hot air balloons. It’s an experience I would describe as pure MAGIC!
Although the cost may seem high compared to other activities in the area, every penny spent is worth the incredible feeling of flying through the clouds and being immersed in this surreal landscape. If you don’t suffer from vertigo, I highly recommend not missing out on this unique adventure. There is nothing more exciting and unforgettable!
Admire the Balloons from a Valley
Almost all the hotels in Cappadocia offer perfect terraces to admire the sunrise and the mesmerizing hot air balloon flights. Waking up early, you can enjoy the show right from your accommodation. However, my experience was even more special: with Suleyman Ikman, my photographer, we took extraordinary photos in the launch area and in Love Valley, while I wore a princess-like dress that made everything even more fairytale-like.
Seeing the balloons emerge from the crevices and float into the sky was a magical and unforgettable moment, an experience I will always cherish in my heart.
Love Valley, Rose Valley, and Red Valley
Cappadocia is famous for its extraordinary valleys, each with a unique and unforgettable charm. Many of these natural wonders are easily accessible by car, but if you’re looking for a more engaging adventure, you can also opt for a hiking tour, a quad ride, or even explore them on horseback.
Among all the valleys, my absolute favorite is without a doubt Love Valley, especially at dawn, followed by the beautiful Rose Valley, which offers an enchanting display at sunset. Love Valley, with its unique rock formations, is probably one of the best spots to admire and photograph the hot air balloons rising majestically at dawn. We began our adventure right at the balloon launch area, then continued to Love Valley, where the atmosphere was simply magical.
Horseback Riding in Cappadocia
Have you ever heard that “Cappadocia” means “the land of beautiful horses”? This nickname is not just a tribute to its tradition and the beauty of its horses, but also reflects the presence of numerous wild horses inhabiting the region. In Cappadocia, you will have the chance to live an exceptional adventure thanks to the many ranches that offer horseback rides through the breathtaking valleys, at any time of the day: from dawn to sunset, and even at noon.
Imagine galloping slowly through the fairytale landscapes of Cappadocia, breathing in the fresh air and enjoying views that change with the light of the day. It’s a unique opportunity to get close to nature and experience Cappadocia in a truly special and authentic way.
Uçhisar Castle
Uçhisar Castle stands as one of the most fascinating gems. Imagine an ancient citadel towering over a rock spur, offering a spectacular panoramic view of the vast and surreal beauty of Cappadocia. Uçhisar Castle, carved into the rock and perfectly integrated into the surrounding landscape, is one of the most impressive structures in the region. From its top, you can enjoy a breathtaking panorama: the rolling valleys and fairy chimneys stretching into the horizon! Wow!
The climb to the castle, although challenging, is an experience worth every step. In this fairytale-like setting, Uçhisar Castle is not only a viewpoint but also a captivating piece of history and culture that adds a touch of magic to one of the most extraordinary destinations in the world.
Handicraft Shopping
Carpets, lanterns, ceramics, and much more! Every corner of Göreme is fascinating and permeated by a unique and distinctive atmosphere. Walking through its streets, I was captivated by the lively workshops of traditional Cappadocian ceramics, where I found truly special pieces.
Additionally, the opportunity to discover handmade products like carpets and cushions was a true delight. Turkish carpets, in particular, are famous worldwide for their exceptional quality and weaving art; each carpet tells a story through its intricate patterns, sturdy threads, and vibrant colors. What was once a home-based craft is now a flourishing industry in Turkey and a symbol of their rich culture.
Pasabag Valley
Pasabag Valley is a corner of Cappadocia that seems to have come straight out of a dream. This place is famous for its extraordinary fairy chimneys, standing as mysterious sentinels in the landscape.
But there’s more! In the past, one of the most fascinating churches in Cappadocia was carved directly into the natural rock formations of Pasabag. This historical site is one of the most captivating in the valley, offering a fascinating glimpse into the ancient life and religious practices.
To visit Pasabag at its best, I recommend arriving early in the morning or late in the afternoon, just like we did. These times are ideal to avoid the crowds and allow you to explore and photograph peacefully: it’s a truly magical and intimate experience that will let you fully appreciate the beauty and tranquility of the place.
Göreme Open-Air Museum
The Göreme Open-Air Museum is a UNESCO World Heritage site, a place that will take your breath away! This extraordinary monastic complex, carved into the rock, is a labyrinth of places of worship and refectories that intertwine and sit side by side, each with its own unique and fascinating church.
Walking through these ancient rock-hewn structures is like taking a journey back in time, with churches adorned with magnificent frescoes that still shine with their vibrant and intact colors, offering a truly impressive visual spectacle! These frescoes are extraordinarily well-preserved, allowing you to immerse yourself in sacred art that has withstood the test of time.
Derinkuyu Underground City
The Derinkuyu Underground City is an architectural wonder hidden in Cappadocia, a maze of galleries and rooms carved into the rock that extends over eight levels and could house up to 20,000 people. Used as a safe refuge during invasions, this underground city features sophisticated features such as kitchens, cellars, and even areas of worship.
It is included in numerous organized tours, which you can book either online or directly on-site. However, it’s important to keep in mind that some passages can be quite narrow and tight, making the visit challenging for those suffering from claustrophobia. Be prepared for a fascinating but potentially overwhelming experience if you’re afraid of confined spaces.
Pigeon Valley
Pigeon Valley, known as “Pigeon Valley” in English, is one of the most charming places in Cappadocia, with a name that tells a fascinating story. This enchanting corner of the region owes its name to the large population of pigeons that inhabit it. In the past, pigeons were a valuable resource for locals: their droppings were used as natural fertilizer for crops. The many pigeon houses carved into the rock and scattered along the valley walls are a testament to this ancient practice.
Pigeon Valley offers a breathtaking panoramic view, with its unique rock formations and a landscape that seems painted by an artist. Don’t miss the chance to admire the Turkish “evil eye” trees that decorate the valley, considered good luck and found hanging everywhere.
Where to Eat in Cappadocia
When it comes to choosing where to eat in Göreme, I can only recommend the places I’ve personally tested and that truly impressed me. Here are three restaurants you shouldn’t miss:
Sedef Restaurant is first on the list and is located right in the heart of Göreme. This elegant steakhouse is the ideal place to enjoy delicious dishes and high-quality meat, accompanied by the freshest vegetables. The trendy atmosphere and reasonable prices make it an excellent choice for a memorable dinner.
Then there’s Han Restaurant, a small family-run gem that stole our hearts. Here, the prices are significantly lower than the average in Göreme, but the quality of the food is exceptional! One of the must-try specialties is Testi Kebab, a traditional Anatolian dish cooked in a clay pot, offering a unique and authentic culinary experience.
Lastly, I recommend stopping by Nazar Borek Café, a cozy spot located east of Göreme, nestled in the valley. After a pleasant walk, you’ll find this restaurant with outdoor tables, perfect for admiring the city illuminated under the stars. The atmosphere is magical, and the prices are incredibly low, making it an excellent choice for an enchanting dinner without breaking the bank.
Other Places to Consider in Your Turkey Itinerary
Turkey is a land that captivates with its extraordinary history, vibrant culture, delicious dishes, warm hospitality, and a variety of breathtaking landscapes. For our trip, we decided to focus exclusively on Istanbul and Cappadocia, but there are many other gems you could consider adding to your itinerary.
For example, Izmir and Ephesus offer a fascinating combination of ancient history and modern life, while Pamukkale, with its spectacular limestone pools, provides a unique natural experience. If you love the sea, the Mediterranean coastal cities like Kas, Bodrum, and Fethiye are perfect for a summer getaway, with their excellent climate and beautiful beaches.
Every corner of Turkey has something special to offer, and these destinations are just some of the wonders you could discover in this country rich in history and beauty.
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